What characterizes a food allergy?

A food allergy is primarily characterized by an immune system reaction to certain foods. When an individual has a food allergy, their immune system mistakenly identifies a typically harmless food protein as a threat and mounts a defense. This can lead to a wide range of symptoms, which can be severe and include hives, difficulty breathing, or anaphylaxis, highlighting the serious nature of food allergies.

The immediate reaction that commonly follows consumption of the allergenic food is a key aspect of food allergies, setting them apart from other food-related issues like intolerances, which tend to develop over time and usually involve the digestive system rather than the immune system. Understanding this distinction is crucial for identifying and managing food allergies effectively.