What does biological value refer to in terms of protein?

Biological value is a term used to describe the proportion of essential amino acids present in a protein food relative to the amino acids needed by the body. It is a measure of how efficiently protein from a food source can be utilized for growth and repair of tissues. A protein with a high biological value provides a good ratio of essential amino acids, which are amino acids that the body cannot synthesize and must obtain from the diet.

For instance, animal-based proteins typically have a higher biological value than many plant-based proteins because they usually contain all the essential amino acids in sufficient quantities. This makes them more effective in supporting bodily functions and promoting growth. Understanding biological value is crucial for ensuring that dietary protein sources meet the nutritional needs of the body, particularly in diets where protein is a significant focus.